Approved by the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin December 26, 2014
I. General provisions
1. Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation (hereinafter – the Military Doctrine) is a system of officially accepted views on the preparation for armed defense and armed protection of the Russian Federation.
2. The Military Doctrine, based on the analysis of military threats and military threats to the interests of the Russian Federation and its allies formulated the basic provisions of the military policy, military and economic support for defense of the state.
3. The legal basis of the Military Doctrine is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of defense, arms control and disarmament, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation.
4. The Military Doctrine takes into account the basic concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020, the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020, as well as the relevant provisions of the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation, Marine Doctrine of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020, Strategy Development of the Russian Arctic and national security for the period up to 2020 and other strategic planning documents.
5. The Military Doctrine reflects the commitment of the Russian Federation to be used for the protection of national interests and the interests of its allies military action only after exhausting the possibilities of the use of political, diplomatic, legal, economic, informational and other non-violent tools.
6. The provisions of the Military Doctrine are specified in the messages of the President of the Russian Federation Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and may be adjusted as part of the strategic planning in the military (military planning).
7. Implementation of the Military Doctrine is achieved through the centralization of government in the field of defense and security, and in accordance with federal laws, normative legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation and the federal executive bodies.
8. The Military Doctrine, the following basic concepts:
a) military security of the Russian Federation (hereinafter – military security) – the state of protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and state against external and internal military threats associated with the use of military force or threat of violence, characterized by the absence of a military threat, or the ability to resist it;
b) military threat – a state of interstate or intrastate relations characterized by a combination of factors that can under certain conditions lead to a military threat;
c) military threat – a state of interstate or intrastate relations characterized by the real possibility of a military conflict between opposing sides, a high degree of readiness of a state (group of states), separatist (terrorist) organizations to use military force (armed violence);
d) a military conflict – a form of resolution of interstate or intrastate conflicts with the use of military force (the term covers all types of armed confrontation, including large-scale, regional, local wars and armed conflicts);
d ) armed conflict – an armed conflict between states on a limited scale (international armed conflict) or the opposing parties within the territory of one state (internal armed conflict);
e) local war – a war in which pursue limited military-political purpose, military operations are conducted within the boundaries of the warring states and affects primarily the interests of only those states (territorial, economic, political and other);
g) regional war – war involving several states of the region, a leading national or coalition armed forces, during which the parties have important military and political goals;
h) large-scale war – a war between coalitions of states or major states of the world community, in which the parties pursue radical military-political goals. Large-scale war may result from an escalation of armed conflict, local or regional war involving a significant number of countries in different regions of the world. This war will require the mobilization of all available material resources and spiritual forces of the States Parties;
and) military policy – Activities of States in the organization and implementation of the defense and security of the Russian Federation, as well as the interests of its allies;
a) military organization (hereinafter – the military organization) – a set of state and military control of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies established in wartime special units (hereinafter – the Armed Forces, other troops and authorities) that constitute its basis and carry out their activities by military means, and the military-industrial complex, the joint activities are aimed at preparing for armed defense and armed protection of the Russian Federation;
l) military planning – determining the order and ways to implement the goals and objectives of the military organization, construction and development of the Armed Forces, other troops and bodies of their application and comprehensive support;
m) mobilization readiness of the Russian Federation – the ability of the Armed Forces, other troops and organs of the economy State and federal authorities, state authorities of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations to carry out the mobilization plans;
n) non-nuclear deterrence system – a complex foreign policy, military and military-technical measures to prevent aggression against the Russian Federation, non-nuclear means.
II. Military dangers and military threats to the Russian Federation
9. World development at the present stage is characterized by increased global competition, the tension in different areas of interstate and interregional cooperation, rivalry values and models of development, instability processes of economic and political development at the global and regional levels with the overall complication of international relations. Occurs gradual redistribution of influence in favor of new centers of economic growth and political attraction.
10. Remain unresolved, many regional conflicts. Is a tendency to force their resolution, including in regions bordering with the Russian Federation. Existing architecture (system) international security does not provide equal security for all states.
11. Trend bias military dangers and military threats in the information space and the inner sphere of the Russian Federation. At the same time, despite a decline in the probability of unleashing against the Russian Federation large-scale war, a number of areas of military threat to Russia intensified.
12. The main external military dangers:
a) To increase the power capacity of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and giving it global functions carried out in violation of international law, the approach of the military infrastructure of NATO member states to the borders of the Russian Federation, including through further expansion unit;
b) to destabilize the situation in individual countries and regions and undermining global and regional stability;
c) deployment (buildup) of military contingents of foreign states (groups of states ) in the territories of states contiguous with the Russian Federation and its allies, as well as in adjacent areas, including the political and military pressure on the Russian Federation;
d) the creation and deployment of strategic missile defense systems that undermine global stability and violate the balance of forces in the nuclear-missile sphere, implementation of the concept of “global strike”, the intention to place weapons in space, as well as the deployment of strategic nonnuclear precision weapon systems;
d) territorial claims against the Russian Federation and its allies and interference in their internal affairs;
e) the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, missiles and missile technologies;
g) violation of international agreements by individual states, as well as failure to comply with previously concluded international agreements in the prohibition, limitation and reduction of armaments;
h) use of military force in the territories of states contiguous with the Russian Federation and its allies, in violation of the Charter of the United Nations (UN) and other rules of international law; their families and civilian personnel of the Armed Forces, other troops and bodies;
n) the implementation of the federal legislation of social guarantees of servicemen, retired servicemen and their families improve their quality of life;
p) improve the system of undergoing military service under the contract and on an appeal, with a primary staffing positions privates and sergeants to ensure the combat capability of military units and formations of the Armed Forces, other troops and organs undergoing military service under the contract;
c) strengthen the organization, law and order and military discipline, as well as the prevention and combating of corruption;
m) improving the pre-conscription training and military-patriotic education of citizens;
y) ensuring state and civilian control of the activities of federal executive bodies and executive bodies of subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of defense.
III. Mobilization and mobilization readiness of the Russian Federation
40. Mobilization readiness of the Russian Federation provides training to perform in a timely mobilization plans. The specified level of mobilization readiness of the Russian Federation depends on the projected military threat, the nature of armed conflict and is achieved by holding to the extent necessary measures for mobilization training, as well as by equipping the Armed Forces, other forces and agencies with modern weapons, the maintenance of military-technical potential at a sufficient level.
41. The main objective of mobilization training is to prepare the economy of the Russian Federation, the economy of the Russian Federation, the economy of municipalities, training of public authorities, local governments and organizations, training of the Armed Forces, other forces and agencies to ensure the protection of the state against armed attack and to meet the needs of the state and needs of the population in time of war.
42. The main tasks of mobilization preparation:
a) sustainable governance in wartime;
b) the creation of a legal framework governing the use of economic and other measures in the period of mobilization, during the period of martial law in wartime, including features of functioning in these times of financial and credit, the tax system and monetary system;
c) to provide the needs of the Armed Forces, other forces and agencies and other needs of the state and the needs of the population in wartime;
d) the creation of special units intended when declaring the mobilization for the transmission of the Armed Forces or the benefit of the Russian economy;
d) the maintenance of the industrial potential of the Russian Federation at the level sufficient to meet the needs of the state and the needs of the population in time of war;
e) providing additional human and material resources of the Armed Forces, other forces and agencies, branches of the economy to meet the challenges in wartime;
g) organization of restoration work at the facilities damaged or destroyed as a result of military operations, including the restoration of production capacity, intended for the production of weapons, military and special equipment, as well as a cover to transport communications;
h) organization supplying the population with food and consumer goods in the conditions of limited resources in time of war.
IV. Military and economic support for defense
43. The main task of the military and economic support of defense is to create conditions for sustainable development and maintenance capabilities of the military-economic and military-technical potential of the state at the level necessary for the implementation of military policy and reliable to meet the needs of the military organization in peacetime, during the immediate threat of aggression and wartime.
44. The tasks of military-economic support defense:
a) the equipment of the Armed Forces and other troops and the armaments, military and special equipment on the basis of the development of military-scientific potential of the country, the concentration of its financial and logistical resources, improve efficiency their use in order to achieve a level sufficient to solve assigned to the military organization of tasks;
b) timely and full support of the Armed Forces and other troops and the material resources needed for the implementation of activities plans (programs) and their construction applications, operational, combat, special and mobilization training of troops (forces);
c) development of military-industrial complex through the coordination of military and economic activities of the state in the interests of defense, integration of production in certain areas of civil and military sectors the economy, the legal protection of intellectual activity of military, special and dual purpose;
d) improvement of the military-political and military-technical cooperation with foreign countries in order to strengthen confidence-building measures and reduction of global and regional military tensions in the world. Equipment of the Armed Forces, other troops and organs of weapons, military and special equipment.
45. The main task of equipping the Armed Forces and other troops and organs of weapons, military and special equipment is the creation and maintenance of an interconnected and integrated weapon system in a state corresponding to the objectives and purpose of the Armed Forces, other forces and agencies, forms and methods of their use, economic and mobilization capabilities the Russian Federation.
Novgodnee video message from Vladimir Putin first to see the people of Kamchatka.
The Russian president said about the most important events of the year – about returning Crimea to Russia:
– The love for the Motherland – one of the most uplifting feelings. It was fully manifested in brotherly support of Sevastopol and the Crimea, when they decided to return to his home.
Putin called on all Russians to the challenges facing the country:
– In the coming year together we have to solve a lot of problems, and the year will be what we make it ourselves, how effectively, creatively, efficiently will work each of us.
New Year’s address is not recorded on the background of the Kremlin’s Spassky Tower, as it was before still: now closed tower scaffolding.
From 5 to 15 days will increase the validity of prescriptions for potent narcotic and psychotropic substances for seriously ill patients. Vladimir Putin signed a law that simplifies access to narcotic painkillers for terminally ill Russians, including those suffering from cancer.
See also
In addition, the simplified procedure for the destruction of medical purposes of narcotic drugs. Document relieve relatives of seriously ill people from the obligation to return to the pharmacy packaging of drugs used. In general, the law is aimed at the elimination of bureaucratic barriers in issuing prescriptions. When the period of validity of recipes in 5 days to get the drug is virtually impossible. These obstacles have led to numerous violent tragedy of suicides and murders of cancer patients “at the request of” patients themselves.
The law will come into force 180 days after the official announcement.
A few appointments in the Ministry of Internal Affairs chaired by President Vladimir Putin of Russia, informs “Interfax”.
See also
Head of the organization inquiry Interior Ministry became Major General Sergei Manah. As Deputy Chief of the Interior Ministry in Moscow approved colonel of internal service Alexander Petrikov.
The post of Deputy Chief of the Investigation Department of the Interior Ministry of Justice received Colonel Oleg Danshin. Police Colonel Cyril Smurova appointed First Deputy Chief of the Criminal Investigation Department.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel in his New Year address strongly criticized Russia’s actions in Ukraine.
According to She said that Russia’s policy shattered “the foundations of peaceful coexistence in Europe.” Merkel warned that the European Union will not tolerate such behavior.
“There is no doubt that Europe can not agree and do not agree with the so-called right of the strong, who despises international law. Europe will not allow itself to split it will act together to protect the peace and order of their values, “- said the German Chancellor.
The West did not recognize the annexation of the Crimea by Russia and now accuses Russia of supplying arms separatists in eastern Ukraine. Russia denies the charges.
According to the correspondent BBC BBC in Berlin, Angela Merkel, who is known for his caution and diplomacy, said uncharacteristically sharp against Vladimir Putin’s New Year address.
A few hours earlier, Russian President Vladimir Putin in a televised New Year’s said that “the return of the Crimea to Russia” will remain an important era in Russian history.
“Love to Motherland – one of the most uplifting feelings. It was fully manifested in fraternal support of Sevastopol and the Crimea, when they decided to return to his home, “- Putin said.
Putin also said that the efficiency of solving the problems facing the country in the new year depends on each resident.
Merkel protests against
Angela Merkel’s New Year message also urged people in the country to refuse to participate in the anti-Muslim protests.
She warned his countrymen from prejudice against people of other faith or race.
In December every week in Dresden held a rally against the “Islamization” of Germany. December 23 the number of the protesters reached an estimated police 17,500 people.
The organization of “patriotic Europeans against the Islamization of the West” (PEGIDA) arranges such actions in the East German city since October.
Angela Merkel and other leading politicians in Germany have repeatedly urged citizens not to attend these events.
In Moscow, Washington and Brussels are advised to avoid the politicization of the case brothers Navalny. “In this regard, expressed by some representatives of the US and EU” concern “sentence Navalny brothers accused of embezzlement, would like to recommend Washington and Brussels to stop trying to pressure on the Russian judicial system, and the politicization of a purely criminal case” – said in comments authorized the Russian Foreign Ministry on human rights, democracy and the rule of law, Konstantin Dolgov, the text of which is posted on the site office. “In addition, before the claims against Russia, our Western partners should have to deal with what is happening in their home. Including, until recently institutionalized torture in secret CIA prisons scattered across Europe, and the ongoing extrajudicial detention of dozens of prisoners at Guantanamo, while simultaneously impunity imaginary “peace of ficers” were shot or innocent citizens of color, and murderers Russian foster children “, – quotes” Interfax “December 31 words of Mr. Dolgov.
Russian President Vladimir Putin during his New Year’s address
Photo: RIA Novosti
Russian President Vladimir Putin in the New Year’s greetings, which has already heard the inhabitants of Kamchatka Krai, summed up the year. The President thanked the Russians for “continuing commitment to defend the interests of Russia».
«Now, when we sum up the year, I would like to sincerely thank you for the unity and solidarity with the deepest feelings of truth, honor, justice, responsibility for the fate of their country, for their continued willingness to defend Russia’s interests to be with her in the days of triumph, and at the time of testing, to enforce our most daring and ambitious plans “- quoted by RIA Novosti greeting the president.
“Love to Motherland – one of the most powerful, uplifting feelings. It is fully manifested in the fraternal support of the inhabitants of the Crimea and Sevastopol, they were determined to return to his home. This event will always be an important milestone in the country’s history, “- said the president.
As an example, the performance of” the most daring and ambitious plans, “Putin brought the Olympic Games in Sochi. “It [the dream] is not just true: not only do we have carried out the best in the history of the Winter Olympics, and won it,” – said the president.
Putin said that in the New Year “everyone thinks first of all, for the welfare of his family, “adding that” the happiness and success of each person develops prosperity “of the country.
This year background New Year greetings Putin became the Moscow Kremlin. Until today, the Kremlin did not name the place where will be recording traditional New Year’s address of the president. “We is not never announce and do not tell” – said a spokesman for the president, Dmitry Peskov.
Now the Kremlin’s Spassky Tower, which traditionally serves as a record New Year’s address of the president, closed for restoration, repair will last for several months .
Some of those who took the police during the support of brothers Navalny, were arrested.
15 days of arrest received the activist movement “Solidarity” Michael Krieger and Roman Nemuchinsky. They were tried under the “disobeying a lawful order of a police officer.” Eyewitnesses reported that the proceedings before the Court of Tver expelled all visitors, including friends and relatives of the detainees. I note that this Court must consider the case of the events at the Manege Square. There, according to human rights activists have been detained more than 250 people, about 70 left to the police department for the night. Reports to the Ministry of Interior about the hundreds of detainees. Portal ATS-Info reports that some police departments of the people released under the obligation to appear in court after the New Year. Mass detentions in the center of Moscow turned rally in support of opposition leader Alexei Navalny and his brother Oleg. Zamoskvoretskiy court found them guilty of the so-called “case of Yves Rocher” and s entenced, respectively, to probation and to three and a half years in prison.
By decision of the judge Elena Korobchenko, Oleg Navalny taken into custody in the courtroom, Alexei Navalny to remain under house arrest until the sentence comes into force. Lawyers have appealed this part of the judgment.
Work on the new version of the military doctrine was carried out over a year. The result was largely unexpected. Some people recognize the need for innovation 15 years ago, others seem alien to the basic military document of the country.
The previous changes were made to the doctrine in 2010, and before that – in 2000. The current can be divided into three groups: foreign, domestic and purely military. How do they impact on the practice of that change in control of the state military machine?
The first thing that draws attention to itself – to change the image of the world. It seems to be in the foreign group edits not definitive, previously unknown to mankind innovations that lead to shock or stupor. However, some of the provisions prescribed in the doctrine of 2010 as the trends and probabilities, now recorded as a solid, a fait accompli.
For example, in 2010 the doctrine still retains the “remnants” of the 1990s and spoke of the significant weakening of ideological confrontation in the world. Now this passage is gone, but there was another, claiming that international relations are characterized by increasing global competition, including competition “values-based” and “development models”, causing increased tension. That is an ideological conflict with external actors, albeit implicitly confrontation “values”, returned to the perception of the world by the Russian leadership has officially, and not only at the level of rhetoric.
The clearest logic changes in the foreign policy doctrine of visible in the analysis of the threats that Russia is the North Atlantic Alliance. So, in 2010 (although not very gracious in the relationship with the unit) doctrine says only that NATO aspires to the role of supreme arbiter of international problems, but still trying to deploy troops in the vicinity of the Russian border.
In 2014, no conventions no longer: all this supplemented by threatening thesis about “building up power capacity” of NATO, is included in the doctrine as an undoubted fact. That is, Russia ceases to ask questions about the alliance, what he decides to recruit the Baltic countries and places in Eastern Europe missile defense system. Russia perceives this as a given, and the question is only in the methods of counteracting such a direct and obvious threat.
Thus, in international relations, according to the new doctrine, returned ideological confrontation, understood as the confrontation between “values-based”. Example as NATO expansion serves as a model, confirming the validity of the point of view of the Russian leadership.
From this point, and that external military threat is the establishment of regimes hostile to Russia in neighboring states (including by illegitimate bias legitimate authority). This thesis, almost unnoticed by commentators, is formulated so that the career diplomat may turn gray on the transparency hint of military implications, the coating of these words.
appropriately modified and views on the nature of modern warfare. Doctrine states bluntly: “trend bias military dangers and military threats in the information space and the inner sphere of the Russian Federation».
This is a group of domestic political innovation. Increased attention to the protests in the country. This kind of social activity, you know, in fact, as an instrument of foreign aggression, implicitly linked with subversive activities directed from abroad.
Ukrainian experience in 2013-2014 on the Maidan and in the surrounding lanes and generally experience ” color revolutions “has been processed. And judging by the military doctrine, Russia’s top leadership take the threat seriously.
So, the list of internal military dangers have arisen such statements as “destabilization of the political and social situation in the country”, “provocation of ethnic and social tensions, extremism, incitement to ethnic and religious hatred or enmity “and” activity information impact on the population, especially young citizens of the country, which has the aim of undermining the historical, spiritual and patriotic traditions in the field of defense of the Motherland ».
In the first section of the “nature and characteristics of modern military conflicts” instead of a modest formula “integrated use of military force and the forces and means of non-military” – Colorful specification: “Integrated use of military force, political, economic, informational and other non-military measures, implemented with the extensive use of the protest potential of the population, and special operations forces ».
It is very unusual to see in the text of the military doctrine of nuclear states such passages typically found only in the pages of political journalism. And it is not clear what prompted the application of foreign special forces to put on a par with the protests of its own population.
But the logic, of course, can be traced. For example, the last paragraph of the same section – “the use of externally funded and run by political parties, social movements.” A section of external military threats formed “subversive activities of special services and organizations of foreign states and their coalitions against the Russian Federation».
The style of the language makes domestic policy in the field of battle, and protests are perceived as a military threat to the state. How is the selection of goals in this field and what the acceptable level of losses from “friendly fire”, we need to learn by experience.
It’s hard to say how the national bureaucracy, deciphering a new directive would be able to distinguish between “protest potential of the population “as such (and it into an economic crisis can not grow) from the protests, managed and used by external forces. Way to distinguish the “right” of protesters from the “wrong” doctrine does not.
If you suddenly had the feeling that the changes of the military doctrine in 2014 devoted entirely to politics, you are greatly mistaken. Purely military changes are no less interesting.
Serious innovation – changing approach to strategic deterrence. Introduced the concept of a “system of non-nuclear deterrence” stands for “complex foreign policy, military and military-technical measures to prevent aggression against non-nuclear means of the Russian Federation».
Upgraded fighter-interceptor MiG-31BM
At first glance, the addition of the epithet “non-nuclear” is not so so in principle, but it is not. Actually said that to prevent aggression against Russia’s strategic nuclear deterrent is not enough now. Especially when it comes to non-traditional forms of aggression, including the use of irregular forces of various kinds – from private military companies to groups of radical militants. Obviously, for such “hybrid” threat of nuclear weapons useless.
What follows inevitably raise the status of general-purpose forces and the costs of maintaining their readiness. Now this is reflected in the defense budget. Previously, there were only inviolable expenditure on strategic nuclear forces. From now on non-nuclear forces do not receive a lower priority.
This is done in the Armed Forces of Russia for several years, with the beginning of a radical military reform under the leadership of the previous Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov and Chief of General Staff Nikolai Makarov. It is worth mentioning that almost the main aim of the reform was to bring the general-purpose forces in a state of constant alert, you can immediately respond to emerging military threats.
Nuclear Deterrence in its classical form, however, remains, and the use of nuclear weapons is possible not only in response to a nuclear attack, but in the case of aggression using conventional weapons, you have created a threat to the very existence of the state. In this preemptive nuclear strike is excluded. Here in the new doctrine, nothing has changed.
The ability of the reformed general-purpose forces to effectively perform its tasks has been demonstrated also in the past year. Part of the army, marines, airborne troops and a number of army special forces with the support of the Black Sea Fleet and the Air Force lightning and ensure a bloodless operation to neutralize the Armed Forces of Ukraine in Crimea. This made it possible to safely hold a referendum on the fate of the Crimea. Before us is a good example of the use of non-nuclear deterrence and how forces act and funds earmarked for this purpose.
The Russian troops guarding a military base at the saddle, near Simferopol, March 21, 2014
However, the role of local conflicts is not limited to non-nuclear deterrence. Just as in the previous version of the doctrine, noted the strategic importance of high-precision non-nuclear systems. If they had designated as a foreign threat, now in the development of non-nuclear deterrence forces and the armed forces of Russia re actually formulates willingness to actively use precision-guided weapons.
An earlier version of the military doctrine of Russia allowed the use of Russian foreign troops only CSTO peacekeeping forces, according to the existing agreements. In addition, the determined fairly vague direction of military cooperation with the wide range of subjects – from Belarus and to NATO. The new doctrine specifies the regional interests of Russia and, in fact, the direction of possible actions in key regions.
As a military ally of Russia attached Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which has agreements on joint defense. Specified interests in the Asia-Pacific region, where Russia sees its task in building blocs collective security system (in other words, to prevent the collision of hostile coalitions).
In the sphere of relations with the EU and NATO doctrine introduced a new goal – construction of an equal dialogue. Earlier priorities in this area are not clearly designated as “the development of relations.” Translating the new formula from the diplomatic language to Russian, we can say that Russia as a fundamental condition of their participation in the European dialogue on security requires a casting vote – at any NATO member country.
This requirement is totally logical to Moscow’s perspective, but it is clear that it is absolutely unacceptable for the EU and the US. Thus effectively fixed formed a political rift between Moscow on the one hand, and Brussels and Washington on the other.
Finally, for the first time at such a high level were announced Russia’s interests in other region – in the Arctic. Firstly, this strategy, development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation as one of the fundamental to the new doctrine. Second, ensuring the national interests of the Russian Federation in the Arctic called one of the main tasks of the Russian Armed Forces (none of the other regions of similar attention has not received).
The Arctic Troopers
As is the case with the provision of non-nuclear deterrence doctrine in this case fixes the de iure a process already under way de facto, – the return of the Russian military presence in the Arctic, sharply increased in the past three years.
In general, the new military doctrine is a documented process for military construction the last 3-7 years, combined with the comprehension military threats from domestic protest potential and political realities of the near abroad. As far as adequacy and viability of such a combination, time will tell. However, it should be noted that the classic military external threats and methods of deterrence worked in the document is much better than the internal threat. Detailed study of these threats would not prevent another document – for example, the National Security Strategy.
Alexei Navalny came to his supporters gathered in the center of Moscow, but he was detained by one of the first
Lawyers opposition leader Alexei Navalny on the eve sentenced to 3.5 years of imprisonment in the case of “Yves Rocher”, he appealed against the election of a preventive measure in house arrest until the sentence comes into force.
The lawyer Vadim Kobzev called the decision of the court of Moscow Zamoskvoreche illegal and unreasonable.
“The court took a very strange decision: to make man a suspended sentence and leave it under the house arrest “- Interfax quoted him as saying.
In turn, the Federal Penitentiary Service sent a Zamoskvoretskiy court notice of violation Alexei Navalny regime of house arrest.
An attempt was FSIN failed: the court returned the documents.
“Interesting situation at all. If I have a suspended sentence, then no house arrest can not be (so even today the court returned his complaint FSIN). But it is, and now actually: at the door just four police officers are “- he wrote in his blog Navalny, accompanied by several police record photo, crowding in the stairwell of his apartment at.
According to the Press Secretary Kira bulk Yarmish, opposition is confident that his fate is being decided in the Kremlin itself.
“It is very difficult to predict anything, because it is obvious that decisions are taken not by a judge, and the Kremlin. Put him on the one hand, they can not – they could do this, for example, and yesterday – but they are afraid because they believe that it can cause a mass protest. On the other hand, for violation of house arrest, he must toughen punishment, that is logical, if transferred to the detention center. This is a completely hopeless situation, and it is impossible to assume that the Kremlin will decide “, – says Yarmish.
” The verdict has already been passed “
As explained by the RIA Novosti news -Secretary court Yulia Petrova, the law does not address the issue of changing the measure of restraint, which is determined by the verdict.
“The verdict in the case of Navalny has already been passed. It is defined as a preventive measure for Oleg and for Alexei Navalny. Article 107 of the Criminal Procedure Code [house arrest] in such cases is not subject to the application, “- said the spokeswoman.
She said that the question of the measure of restraint, as well as on the legality of the whole sentence will be resolved on appeal.
On Tuesday evening, several thousand people gathered in the center of Moscow on the “People’s Assembly” in protest against the verdict in the case of brothers Navalny “Yves Rocher”.
To the participants of the action joined himself Alexei Navalny, violated for the sake of this regime of house arrest.
A spokesman for opposition leader Cyrus Yarmish argues that pre Bulk nobody warned about his decision and she learned about it from the “twitter” Navalny when he was already riding the subway into the city center.
“He was probably right’m sure that will do it, because he was furious about the sentence, and of course, he could not leave his brother in jail, when he sits under house arrest. I think he immediately decided that violate the conditions of house arrest. If you gave him a real term, he would not have been so outraged and so shocked, “- said Yarmish BBC Russian Service.
According to the Internet portal ovdinfo.org, police arrested 255 people ; another 18 activists who climbed into the set on Manezh Square Christmas tree ball and stayed there all night, were arrested on Wednesday morning.
It was supposed that the verdict will be announced brothers Navalny January 15 and some community activists say in social networks, which will be released again at an unsanctioned rally on that day.
“Alex said that until his brother in prison, it is necessary to go as often as possible and to manifest their indignation at this sentence, which obviously not justice, too, need to as often as possible – said Kira Yarmish. – So, of course, it is for people to continue protesting. 15th, as far as I know, indeed, part of the supporters are still going to go, regardless of the fact that it no longer will be the day of the sentence “.
The opposition leader Alexei Navalny is a “Russian dissident XXI century”, writes The New York Times . According to the newspaper, Navalny was the first Russian activist, started using the Internet as an effective tool of “political resistance.” In the past, Navalny and his supporters have been able to show that the Russian opposition activists are not simply “virtual”, adds the publication.
Before reported , the participants unauthorized action on Manezh Square agreed among themselves by means of service FireChat. Developer service said that from December 20, when Facebook was blocked page of the group in support of Navalny, was recorded a surge of activity of Russian users.
It was also reported that the court sentenced Oleg Navalny to 3 years and 6 months in prison, his brother Alexei Navalny was 3.5 years probation. They were found guilty of theft by fraud 26.7 million rubles. the company “Yves Rocher Vostok” and 4.4 million rubles. Multidisciplinary processing company.
The American newspaper also writes that about his plans to go on an unsanctioned rally stated on Facebook more than 10 thousand. Russians, but in fact their number was much more modest. However, the newspaper notes, “thousands” of people came to the rally, despite the threat of arrest, and the frost coming New Year.
With regard to the Internet, then for a long period of time, he did not have much importance in Russia at least as an instrument of opposition, stresses the newspaper. According to the publication, not just in social networks began to appear information about where will be this or that action: these platforms began to put on users’ powerful psychological effect “, as people saw how many people have signed up to participate in the demonstrations, and understood that they are not alone. In addition, the Internet has become an alternative to the official television, from which most Russians get their information, according to the material. As a result, the Russian authorities were given more powers to block websites, and from popular bloggers require registration, the newspaper writes.
The opposition expects “a tough fight”: Bulk proved that the power of the Internet is not just a “virtual”, but she has its limits, the newspaper added. The main obstacle remains the opposition public apathy, and with the help of the Internet it is not overcome, stresses in the material.
On this they write in the “Twitter”. People took refuge inside a large herringbone ball that installed on the square for the holiday. Police for several hours on their presence does not respond. I recall the night before several thousand people gathered at the Manege Square and the surrounding streets to protest against the verdict brothers Navalny. The police, according to the portal “ATS-Info” detained 250 people, including Alexei Navalny.
The apartment politics last night several police officers were on duty, passed from the scene correspondent of “Echo of Moscow”. In the “Twitter” Navalny there was a record that the police blocked the entrance to the courtyard of his house. In FSIN reported that fixed abnormality and notify the court. eve Zamoskvoretskiy court sentenced the politician to 3.5 years probation and left under house arrest. His brother Oleg got a real period of 3.5 years. After that, Alex broke the chosen measure of restraint and tried to lead a protest action at the Manege Square. However, he was detained at the approaches to the place of action.
The European Union and the US State Department commented on the sentence Alexei Navalny and his brother Oleg imposed on “business Ives Rosher”: it was considered to be politically motivated, unjust, and the continuing harassment of political minorities and civil society.
The European Union policy to explain the verdict. “A guilty verdict today … in respect of Alexei Navalny and his brother Oleg Navalny, apparently, was politically motivated,” – said the press representative of the head of European diplomacy Federica Mogherini Maya Kosyanchich. She pointed out that the allegations “were not substantiated in the trial” and urged the courts to act independently, free from political interference and guided solely by the rule of law, reports DW .
State Department charges commented the spokesman Jeff Rathke. During the daily Briefing for journalists, he said that the US “concerned” disturbing developments and consider the verdict as another step to punish political activists and “independent voices”. “We remain concerned about the increasing restrictions of independent media, civil society, minorities and political opposition. We believe that people in Russia, as elsewhere, deserve a government that supports the free exchange of ideas, transparent and accountable governance, equitable application of the law and the ability to exercise their rights without fear of punishment, “- said Rathke.
The verdict also criticized the human rights commissioner Germany Christoph Shtreser, stressing that this is another blow to civil society in Russia.
Zamoskvoretskiy court in Moscow on Tuesday announced the verdict oppositionist Alexei Navalny and his brother Oleg, accused of embezzling company funds and Yves Rocher “Multidisciplinary processing company.” Both helper convicted. Alexei Navalny sentenced to three years and six months probation in three years. His brother Oleg was 3.5 years imprisonment in a penal colony.
Initially, the verdict should have announced on January 15th. However, as it became known yesterday, due to the fact that Judge Elena Korobchenko written verdict before the date of the announcement was moved to December 30.
During a protest in central Moscow on Manezh Square and around it detained about 300 people , including Alexei Navalny, violated the rules of house arrest and came into the city center. Most were released about 70 spend the night in various ATS capital.
Related Links:
Alexei Navalny received 3.5-year suspended sentence for “the cause of Yves Rocher”. His brother – 3.5 years in prison // NEWSru.com // // In Russia, December 30, 2014 In the center of Moscow detained Navalny and his supporters // NEWSru.com // // In Russia, December 30, 2014
Catalog NEWSru.com: Information Internet resources
Dossier NEWSru.com: parties and politicians // // Society Navalny, Alexey
The judge of the court of the capital Zamoskvoreche Elena Korobchenko announced the verdict in the case” Yves Rocher “. Oleg and Alexei Navalny found guilty of embezzling company funds. Oleg Navalny was 3.5 years a penal colony, and his brother, opposition leader Alexei Navalny – the same term is conditional, the correspondent of RBC from the courtroom.
In addition, Alexei Navalny fined 500 thousand. Rubles . The politician yet remain under house arrest – as explained RBC Press Secretary Cyrus Yarmish Navalny, this preventive measure will be effective until the sentence comes into force. “An appeal may appoint and April», – Yarmish reported. While she could not say what conclusions do policies of his brother’s arrest: “We have not talked to him about it.” Bulk brothers also have to pay 4.5 million rubles. IPC company.
Immediately after the verdict Oleg Navalny was taken into custody. He will be placed in jail and will be there until the sentence to the effect.
Alexei Navalny left the courthouse at 10:20, stating that unhappy verdict and urged his supporters to take part in the protests.
The verdict took a few minutes, the judge Elena Korobchenko read out only the introductory and the operative part of the judgment.
The protection will appeal the verdict. As explained by RBC lawyer Vadim Kobzev, the judge in sentencing reclassified the charges against ordinary fraud (Article 159 of the Criminal Code), a softer composition – fraud in business (Article 159.4 of the Criminal Code). As a result, the court appointed a lighter sentence.
The defense Navalny has ten days to appeal the sentence. If the court’s decision will be appealed, the sentence will come into force only after the appeal.
Prosecutors during the pleadings requested Alexei Navalny sentenced to ten years imprisonment, and Oleg – to eight years, as well as to recover with them 4.5 million rubles. in favor of the IPC. Initially, the judge sentenced the brothers Navalny Elena Korobchenko planned to announce on January 15th. A new date for sentencing court announced just a day before its announcement.
In this case, the French company “Yves Rocher East”, which is considered the main victim in the case, has not filed any claims, and its representatives left the question of guilt Navalny on discretion of the court. The investigation also estimated their losses at 26.7 million rubles.
In court, prosecutors insisted that the brothers Bulk developed criminal plan: set up front companies “Glavpodpiska”, the founder of which was a Cypriot company, and was appointed director of the familiar Dmitry Zaprudskaya.
According to investigators, Oleg Navalny, using his position to “Russian Post” concluded contracts for delivery of goods company “Yves Rocher Vostok” and the IPC. Delivery of goods also engaged in transport companies, which the defendant hired at a price lower than the company-paid victims. During the trial, the company said IPC civil lawsuit in the amount of 4.5 million rubles. “Yves Rocher East”, in turn, no property claims are not stated, and the question of guilt brothers left to the discretion of the court.
Bulk themselves insisted that did not commit any crimes. According to his brother, “Glavpodpiska” was created for the organization of periodical subscriptions via the Internet. But the service did not demand. Therefore, Alexei Navalny gave the company to his brother, who began to use it at their own discretion – to organize the transport of goods. The defendants argued that the company was engaged in ordinary course of business.
Their version of the court confirmed and employees of companies-victims. So, the director of “Yves Rocher East» Logistics Sergey Averyanov and logistics manager Dmitry Vas’kov argued that “Glavpodpiska” not harmed their company: the price of shipping goods were market, and provides professional services.
Leaders of the IPC, in turn, argued in court that the fact that they suffer damage, they were told investigators.
Alexei Navalny already has two convictions. In July 2013, he and Peter officers were sentenced to five and four years’ imprisonment respectively for the “case Kirovlesa.” Then they were taken into custody in the courtroom. But the very next day they released the Kirov regional court at the request of prosecutors. Later the sentence was changed to conditional. The second sentence against Navalny delivered Babushkinskiy Magistrate’s Court, finding him guilty of defaming the deputy Alexei Lisovenko for what politician on Twitter Hosting Project l victim addict.
“At the heart of the European Court of Human Rights in the Yukos case are legal mistakes, they call into question Russia’s recognition of the decision,” – According to RIA Novosti, so says the Minister of Justice Alexander Konovalov. In its opinion, the Court made as exceeding its jurisdiction, and a significant departure from its own case-law. Ministry of Justice and the previously stated their disagreement with the decision of the European Court of Yukos.
Zamoskovoretsky Moscow court has sentenced the oppositionist Alexei Navalny and his brother Oleg in the case of embezzlement in the company “Yves Rocher”. Alexei Navalny was three and a half year suspended sentence and a fine of 500 thousand. Oleg Navalny was sentenced to three and a half years in a penal colony and a fine of 500 thousand rubles.
The original sentencing was scheduled for January 15th. On the transfer date became known yesterday. At the courthouse, where the verdict filled the brothers Navalny, were strengthened security measures. Radio Liberty correspondents were live video.
After the transfer on December 30 the verdict brothers Alex and Oleg Navalny on Facebook there was a group whose members gather tonight to “discuss the court’s decision.” The so-called “People’s Assembly” at the Manege Square in Moscow are ready to go more than 10 thousand people.
The surname “Bulk” the majority of Russians, learn about the latest developments of the central television news programs, first heard at the end of 2011. In related news, it was then represented by one of the leaders of the protest movement that emerged in the wake of discontent fraud in the Duma elections and inspiration “network hamsters” .
In RuNet about Alexei Navalny talking a few years earlier. His blog “Live Journal” (now locked Roscomnadzor) began to attract hundreds of subscribers in 2008, when Navalny, having bought small stakes in major Russian companies, engaged in “Invest activism.” “Kommersant”, for example, wrote at the time that Alexei Navalny is the holder of shares of “Rosneft”, “Gazprom”, “Lukoil”, “Surgutneftegaz”, “Gazprom Neft”, “Transneft”, TNK-BP and VTB Bank and a minority shareholder requires management of these companies disclose information about the activities of management, which affects the income of shareholders and corporate transparency.
After a while started and lawsuits. The initiators of some acted very Navalny, seek to prosecute corrupt officials and senior managers of state companies. Others become initiators officials demanding protection of honor and dignity, or the state in the face of law enforcement officers who spotted in the activities of the crime Alexei Navalny. Currently Zamoskvoretskiy District Court of Moscow is considering the second criminal case against Navalny. The verdict in the first involving allegations of embezzling funds of the company “Kirovles” (five-year prison sentence), entered into force in October last year.
How sawing in “Gazprom”
Perhaps the first, caused quite a stir, blog entry Alexei Navalny (several hundred references, more than 100 thousand views in a few days), is the story with the headline “How sawing in” Gazprom “, which was published in late December 2008. It Navalny, who, as a shareholder of “Gazprom”, by the time officially recognized and the victim and civil plaintiff, described the scheme of multi-million dollar embezzlement in the purchase of gas. In short: “Mezhregiongaz” (a 100 per cent subsidiary of “Gazprom”) through an intermediary “Transinvestgaz” bought gas from a small company “Novatek” – at a price three times higher than that a few days earlier “Novatek” offered “Gazprom”. According to Navalny, approximately $ 10 million difference, remaining at “Transinvestgaza”, as a result of settled in the pockets of top managers “Mezhregiongaz”.
In March 2009, Alexey Navalny said that the accused in a criminal case initiated on the facts of the theft of money from “Mezhregiongaz”, became the sixth man. Including the deputy general director of “Mezhregiongaz” Igor Dmitriev and former CEO and chief accountant of “Trastinvestgaz.” They were accused of abuse of power with serious consequences and causing damage to property by an organized group on a large scale. In May of this criminal case (№116372) withdrawn from the production of the investigator GUS in the Moscow police and handed over to the Investigation of the Main Directorate of the Russian Interior Ministry in the Central Federal District, which two months later decided to stop the prosecution of Igor Dmitriev. Learning of this, Alexei Navalny urged readers of his blog to require law enforcement officials for clarification. As a result, the Ministry of Internal Affairs received 512 formal complaints, the decision to dism iss the case was reversed, the case was transferred to another investigator, and Bulk start acting on behalf of the shareholders of “Gazprom” (total number of shares – about 530 thousand units). However, despite all efforts, by the end of 2009, this criminal case completely collapsed.
How sawing in VTB
In November 2009, Navalny’s blog there is another, which brought thousands of views and hundreds of census record “How sawing in VTB.” This time it was the acquisition of the company “VTB-Leasing” (VTB daughter of one of the largest Russian banks, 85 per cent state-owned) drilling rigs for subsequent lease. Alexei Navalny found out that expensive equipment managers bought not directly from the manufacturer, to provide, to his knowledge, such a possibility, and at the Cyprus mediator with a 50 per cent premium. According to Navalny, these settings VTB has not leased – 4.5 thousand wagons of equipment taken on the Yamal Peninsula and left in an open field.
The video, filmed on the grounds of fasting for a few days, gathered 70 thousand display. Navalny again supported the readers of his blog and other minority shareholders of VTB. Investigators then refused to open a criminal case at the request of Alexei Navalny, then again, under pressure from prosecutors and bloggers back to check. More than two years Alexei Navalny and associates tried to bring the case of rigs to court, but to no avail. However, in June of 2011 at the annual meeting of shareholders of VTB president Andrei Kostin called the deal of the problem and said the dismissal of several managers to deal with it. Law enforcement agencies of the offense in this story is not found.
But by mid-2010 the investigators who seem dopekli complaints and claims Navalny contrive that one test or the other, decided to test him.
In June 2010, “Rossiyskaya Gazeta” reported that “the law enforcement agencies of the Volga Federal District, with the support of the FSB is checked into the involvement of well-known blogger in gray schemes in the forest complex Vyatka region.” Then for the first time in the national press were beside the name of “Bulk” and the name “Kirovles”.
How sawing in “Transneft”
By the end of 2010 year Runet discuss a new investigation Navalny. This time, he spoke about “How sawing in” Transneft “. The blog has published a document containing information about the embezzlement worth more than 120 billion rubles in the project pipeline system” Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean “(ESPO), which deals with “Transneft”. It turned out that the theft, which told Bulk noticed and Russian Audit Chamber, but to justice anyone not involved, although the then head of the joint venture, and Sergei Stepashin said that the criminal case has been opened. The only known “punished” as a result turned out to be one of the auditors LLC “Transneft Finance”, which was dismissed in connection with the leak of documents.
troublemaker leadership “Transneft” Alexei Navalny began back in 2008. Soon after he found out that for previous 2007 the company spent on charity 7 billion 193 million rubles – nearly a billion more than in the repair and maintenance of all of its oil pipelines in the same year. figure out where it went so generous donations, Bulk inquired from the largest charitable and non-profit organizations Russia, but it turned out that none of them from “Transneft” money is not received, sent a request to the company itself. This story also became the subject of investigative audits, but has also been launched on the brakes, even though the court’s decision “illegal omission” of the investigation. However, the arbitration courts have upheld the right of a shareholder Navalny view the complete reporting on cash flow “Transneft”, but to get the names of the charitable organizations that received from “Transneft” 7 billion rubles, Alexey Navalny failed.
Soon after recording Navalny on the “sawing” in “Transneft” became aware of the resumption of inspections in the case of “Kirovlesa.” Of the Main Directorate of the Interior Ministry in the Volga Federal District, he was sent to the Kirov Department of the UPC, which investigators ought to find out whether Navalny, as an advisor to the governor of the Kirov region, “by deception and abuse of trust” led the former Director KOGUP “Kirovles” conclude disadvantageous for the enterprise agreement the supply of wood. Then the criminal case against Alexei Navalny was denied, and the validity of such refusal in March 2011, the Investigative Committee confirmed the Volga Federal District “due to the lack of action Navalny of evidence.” As signs of the activity Navalny on the network and protest rallies late 2011 – early 2012, the case “Kirovlesa” the investigating authorities will then stop w ith the explanation of the possibility to require rehabilitation, then again to resume. And in the midst of the election campaign for the office of mayor of Moscow, Leninsky district court Kirov recognizes Alexei Navalny guilty of fraud “Kirovlesom”.
“painting”, “RosYama”, “RosZhKH” and BCF
On the eve of the new 2011 Alexei Navalny announced the creation of the “painting”. The idea is to public control over budget spending on state and municipal procurement, purchasing state-owned companies. Here’s how he wrote about the project Navalny in his blog:
“1. All wishing to bring to the site information on public procurement tenders, having a clear raspilochny character. 2. Through the website we find and register of experts willing to help in exposing crooks. 3. The experts write the examination, the lawyers wrote in the complaint Antimonopoly Service and other agencies. 4. If you need to physically go to the commissions, courts, and so on. E., Then I do it with my colleagues “.
According to information posted on the site” painting “, project participants have found fraudulent tenders and prevent theft of over $ 59 billion rubles. And one of the latest achievements of the project was the decision of the Krasnoyarsk of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the large cartels at auction disclosed at the request of lawyers “painting”. It has been established that the conspirators obtained unjustified income of $ 664 million. The case file handed over to the Central Investigation Department at the State Ministry of Interior of Russia in Krasnoyarsk Territory to consider bringing the guilty officials conspirators to criminal liability under Art. 178 of the Criminal Code.
In May 2011, Alexei Navalny announced the launch of yet another community project – “RosYama” in the financing of which at first Bulk (by his own admission) has invested 100 thousand rubles.
The purpose of the project – the motivation of the Russian authorities to improve the state of the roads. Users are encouraged to post pictures of the damaged road sections showing where the picture, then the system automatically generates the text of the complaint in the traffic police. If within 37 days (the period specified by the law of the complaint), the user receives no response, the system automatically generates an application which offers to send to the prosecutor. In early October 2014 collection “RosYamy” consisted of 60,935 defects, 18,256 of which are fixed.
A similar principle motivation negligent officials and used in another project Navalny – “RosZhKH.” It allows you to send to various state bodies (including in Goszhilinspektsiyu) complaints about the work of public utilities. For example, you can complain to the fact that in the entrance of the roof leaks, and the stairwells there is no light. The site contains 26 pieces of complaints about the work of public utilities. To apply enough to write your name and address and briefly describe the problem. After that, the complaint is automatically sent to several supervisory authorities. Shortly after the start of the project the main state housing inspector named Nicholas Vasjutin project Alexei Navalny attempt to “discredit the opposition forces in all levels of government.” He issued a special appeal to their subordinates, which urged them to “show restraint and understanding of the situation” in which the number of calls to the age ncy has increased significantly.
Since the foundation of “painting” and “RosYama” existed at the expense of crowdsourcing but in early 2012, Navalny said that refuses anonymous donations for the activities of their projects and to establish a fund to combat corruption (BCF) for their funding. Subsequently became known the names of a number of sponsors of the fund, including businessmen were eleven and five public figures. Including businessman Alexander Lebedev, a journalist Leonid Parfyonov, writers Grigory Chkhartishvili and Dmitry Bykov. Donations of citizens FBK takes today.
PZhiV and Rosvybory
In February 2011, the radio station “Finam-FM” Alexei Navalny called the “United Russia “” party of crooks and thieves. ” This meme in a matter of days, has become popular so that the search engine Google for “party of crooks and thieves,” the first in the list of found gave a link to the website of “United Russia”.
So unflattering review of the ruling party turned to Alexei Navalny lawsuit. United Russia, Vladimir Svirid considered that meme “party of crooks and thieves” denigrates his honor, dignity and business reputation. He demanded Navalny denials and non-pecuniary damages (1 million rubles). However Lublin Svirida lawsuit dismissed in its entirety.
Meanwhile, Alex Bulk announced in his blog about the beginning of a large-scale campaign “Come to the polls and vote for any party against the United Russia – the party of crooks and thieves.” The campaign took place competitions EdRo-poster and music videos, calling the following statements slogan that made the blog Navalny even more popular in RuNet.
In the wake of protest activity related to citizen dissatisfaction scale fraud in the parliamentary elections of 2011 Alexei Navalny launches another project – “RosVybory.” The aim of the project – to organize supervise the voting on those areas where “committed obvious fraud in the previous elections”.
And in May 2012, there is “Good car truth” (DMP) – a project in which produces a registration to “fight with the state propaganda machine” and provided for the dissemination of materials containing criticism of corrupt officials and the authorities and the “United Russia”. One of the first actions of DMP was distributing leaflets, talks about inflating the prices of utility services in Russia.
“Pan Bastrykin”
The head of the Investigative Committee of Russia Alexander Bastrykin – “foreign agent” wrote in July 2012, his blog Alexei Navalny. Here he leads photocopies of official documents, from which it follows that in 2007 and 2008 (that is, even during the civil service), the then Deputy Prosecutor General of Russia having a residence permit in the Czech Republic and was the founder of the company, which owns an apartment in Prague. Navalny said that Bastrykin, being a high-ranking official with access to state secrets, for many years hiding in their declarations of income and property availability of real estate and residence in the country – a member of NATO.
This article was a lot of feedback: theme picked up by both Russian and major Western publications. As a result of numerous journalistic investigations revealed that a large Russian government official Bastrykin owned real estate not only in the Czech Republic, but also in Spain. Navalny and his team from BCF messages sent statements of the facts in the Russian presidential administration (demanding the resignation Bastrykina), the Investigative Committee and the FSB. However, the career of Alexander Bastrykin is not affected. He told the newspaper “Izvestia” said an apartment of 46 square meters acquired in 2000, as was going to be engaged in teaching in European universities. Firm Law Bohemia, the founder of which he was allowed to receive long-term Bastrykin Czech visa, “rather than a residence permit.” In the end, the company and its affiliated apartment were transferred Bastrykin Natalia – head of the UK’s first wife, with whom the y are “for 22 years not living”.
Zamoskvoretskiy Moscow district court announced the verdict brothers Navalny. Oleg court appointed 3.5 years of imprisonment. Alex sentenced to the same term, but conditional. Political analysts believe that the sentence indicates a desire to reduce the power of protest wave, and brother Navalny called hostage.
Early in the morning the building Zamoskvoreche Court of Moscow besieging crowd of wishing to get on the trial of Navalny. The police put up a cordon around the court, and on the surrounding streets have built a system of barriers. In the event of detention were on duty in front of the three bus service.
Real and conditionally
In the crowd wanting to get to the sentencing was also Oleg Navalny. He went to court in a cap-balaclava covering the face.
From the side looked like this: a man with a closed face and Balaklava great Baul in the hands shouted, “Let me go to my court ! “- and tried to break through the cordon.
The mask has attracted the attention of law enforcement. Police officers rushed into the crowd, literally dragged the man to the territory of the court through the fence and pulled the balaclava. Apparently recognizing the delayed Oleg Navalny, immediately released.
Alexei Navalny, who took with him as the verdict bag with things in the courthouse was without incident.
Despite the bitter cold on the street Tatar formed a small support group of brothers. People were chanting “Freedom! Freedom! “. Police officers were pushing them Tatar street to the Garden Ring and through the speaker urged the crowd to “liberate the roadway and do not interfere with the movement of vehicles».
Meanwhile, Judge Elena Korobchenko proceeded to verdict was announced.
“Oleg Navalny found guilty. Sentenced him to 3 years and 6 months imprisonment in a penal colony. Taken into custody in the courtroom. Serving the sentence read from December 30, 2014 “- read a paper by Judge Korobchenko.
Charges brothers produce on the same articles of the Criminal Code, but Alexis was waiting for a much more lenient sentence. Court appointed him 3.5 years probation.
The verdict has caused a strong reaction Alexei Navalny.
«What are planting brother? What a disgusting ?! “- Alexei Navalny shouted. At this time, police officers already dressed in his brother’s handcuffs.
As it became known later, Oleg Navalny from the court taken to jail №2 (Butyrskaya).
«It the worst of the sentence that may be – said, coming out on the porch of the court, Alexei Navalny. – We see that the government is not even just trying to destroy political opponents and put them – this is a familiar situation. This time they kill and torture the relatives of his political opponents ».
a sentence does not end there. Both brothers were fined 500 thousand. Rub. In addition, in a civil lawsuit, they are obliged to pay 4.4 million rubles. “Multidisciplinary processing company”, which, according to investigators, along with “Yves Rocher” affected by the activities of Navalny.
relented at the last moment
Sentencing lasted about 10 minutes. Judge Elena Korobchenko read out only the introductory and the operative part (ie the court decision without disclosing the reasoning part). Plenum of the Supreme Court allows such a procedure when considering the difficult economic criminal cases. The reason for such a brief announcement of the judge did not explain, but we already know that the full version of the judgment the parties can get in the next year – 12 January.
The lawyers called the verdict Alexei Navalny surprisingly soft. Suspended sentence he had received in the case of “Kirovlesa”, a new term does not add on. This is due to the fact that the embezzlement “Yves Rocher”, according to investigators, occurred before the embezzlement “Kirovlesa.” Korobchenko judge explained that the new sentence is considered a separate, and the appointment of two parallel suspended sentence allowed by law.
lawyer Alexei Navalny Olga Mikhailova noted that the judge during sentencing reclassified accusation brothers Navalny on the softer article.
Earlier investigation imputed an offense under Part 4 of Article 159 (fraud). However, the court considered the accusation inaccurate. According to Judge Korobchenko, Bulk committed a crime in the commercial sphere, then charged under Article 159 of the Criminal Code has become charged under Article 159.4 of the Criminal Code (fraud in business). This offense in the Penal Code appeared relatively recently – in 2012, so it’s not very widely used. The penalty for this article provided a softer – a fine of up to 1.5 million rubles. or up to 5 years in prison.
Protection intends soon to appeal the verdict. According to Olga Mikhailova, lawyers will be able to do so only after receiving the text of the sentence in his hands. By law, it will have 10 days. Prior to the consideration of the appeal Alexei Navalny will remain under house arrest, all the days that will be considered and counted as serving probation.
Do not rule out appeal and state prosecution, but that the representatives of the prosecutor’s office will also have to wait for the full text of the sentence.
Protection of Oleg Navalny and did believe that he was illegally taken into custody in the courtroom.
The lawyers have filed this complaint, stating that economic article does not change the measure of restraint to the defendant to appeal to a higher court, in this case – in the Moscow City Court. This was reported by the lawyer Olga Mikhailova. Press Secretary Zamoskvoreche Court confirmed that the complaint was filed.
The lawyer Vladimir foal in the comments “Gazeta.ru” Navalny called the verdict “far from the legal field».
«The court has the right to read only the introductory and the operative part of the judgment. Also, the law was taking Oleg Navalny in custody in the courtroom. This execution of the sentence of imprisonment. Otherwise, everything that is connected with the bulk due to some political expediency, and all this is far from the legal field. It is unclear why Alexey appoint a suspended sentence, and Oleg – real time. Older brother already has a suspended sentence, but he was not sentenced to real term. And his brother, convicted for the first time, sentenced just really. Alexei like to educate want. Once conditionally, second, third. There is such a thing as the rule of law. But in this case it does not work. Therefore, to predict what will be the result of the appeal, it is impossible “, – said the foal.
take hostages
It is worth noting that a suspended sentence Alexei Navalny was expected. According to the “Gazety.Ru”, on Monday, the day before sentencing, close to the Kremlin experts predict recommended probation in interviews with the media. Kremlin-connected opinion leaders like Christine Patupchyk also wrote confidently in social networks about a suspended sentence.
Now politicians repeat one word – a hostage. Chapter “Political expert group” Konstantin Kalachev believes that the Russian government does not like to take risks. Because prefer not to deprive him of his liberty to do “martyr on trumped-up charges” in the crisis, says expert.
«Someone, perhaps it would be more easy to hide Navalny for three years, but people make decisions weigh the pros and cons. Selected inertial scenario. Russian Nelson Mandela is not needed. The opposition said the Kremlin feared. But it’s the lesser of two evils. If we consider the situation as a purely domestic, the tactics of the authorities is simple: real terms of ordinary participants in the demonstration process condescending attitude to the leader of the opposition. If in the general context, then the financial market, and business, and the West receive certain signals. Not the most pessimistic, “- says the analyst.
Kalachev predicts that figure now Alexei Navalny can be used in intra-disassembly. “It is, however, noted that this campaign several hurt by the fact that his brother Alexei Navalny actually taken hostage – says Kalachev. – Yesterday I did not exclude a suspended sentence. As a kind gift of Santa Claus. How to release steam. As an excuse to start a new phase of the campaign to discredit Navalny – lzhelider, a false prophet, priest Gapon, a puppet of one of the towers of the Kremlin. This is suggested by yesterday’s well-organized activity of pro-Kremlin bloggers predicting that Navalny not plant ».
Chapter” Petersburg policy “Mikhail Vinogradov thinks that the opposition remains a powerful incentive for moral protest, although emotional tension is inevitable reduced in comparison to yesterday evening. “But supporters of government remains the possibility to move the thesis that Navalny arranged behind it someone from the Kremlin,” – says the expert.
Deputy Director of the Center for Political Technologies, Alexei Makarkin says that sentence indicates a desire to reduce the power of protest wave.
According to the logic of power, his brother Alexei Navalny people do not take to the streets because it is not a political figure. “At the same time the desire to once again” hang “Alexei Navalny. His brother, who decides on a sentence, not interested. On appeal, everything is possible, and can reduce the time, but this is a real term with being in prison – said Makarkin. – All proceedings against Navalny have one feature: it is not clear who suffered. And “Yves Rocher” has no claim, and those who has fired. The administration of the Kirov region have no complaints about the “Kirovlesa” and former leaders of SPS claims have. And from the point of view of political supporters and opponents of Alexei Navalny convinced of their rightness. Opponents say: “he was a swindler, and his brother-convict.” And supporters once again convince political engagement process ».
Interestingly, parallel sentencing Prosecutor General’s Office acknowledged the last word Alexei Navalny” extremist material ».
