In late August 1991, a group of government officials and officials of the Soviet government announced the creation of the Emergency Committee (State Emergency Committee) and tried to seize power in the Soviet Union. In Moscow, the tanks have been introduced, but not a single shot has sounded. “To Lenta.ru” publishes excerpts from an interview with the former chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Russia Ruslan Khasbulatov about the events of that time.
On the preparation of the revolt was a lot of rumors and the press wrote about it, and “adviser” of Gorbachev, a Mihranyan even argued the need “enlightened dictatorship”. Nakarkat. I am on this subject was interviewed TV men, which denied the possibility of such a scenario, he believed that the situation in the Soviet Union does not provide prerequisites for conspiracies and coups. Based on the fact that the democratic process in the country is far gone, and the society will not tolerate the coup.
The introduction of the Emergency Committee was for me a big surprise. A few days before that, I was in Sochi, helped the local authorities to cope with the consequences of natural events – storms, and even phoned Defense Minister Yazov, requested heavy equipment to restore some of the pipeline in the Caucasus Mountains. He said, “Of course, immediate help” and assistance rendered. Back in Moscow, the day before the putsch, I met late at night, Yeltsin – he flew to Moscow from Kazakhstan, where he had some talks with Nazarbayev. I’m his, as usual, met at the airport, spent home – we lived in the neighborhood
the signing of a new union treaty was scheduled for 20 August, and we have discussed some of the issues Yeltsin.. In particular, in the contract that Gorbachev some articles we, the Russian delegation will not sign, as Gorbachev lawyers in this contract equated republic of the Russian Federation to the Federal Republic. With this, I strongly disagreed and explained it to Yeltsin. Incidentally, when the issue began to be discussed in Novo-Ogaryovo, I ceased even to attend these meetings -. Protest
Following the Soviet republics would be declared Tatar, Bashkir, Ossetian, Chechen, Dagestani and so on. All of them would become equal with Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine. Discussed this with Yeltsin and went.
At 7 am I got up, as usual, cheerful. He calls the wife of Moscow apartment and said that the country’s revolution, requests that TV. Turn on the TV, and there really “Swan Lake” and then showed Yanaeva and other
Later, I learned that the actual organizer of the coup was Kryuchkov -. The head of the KGB. I immediately ran to Yeltsin. There is a threshold gloomy Korzhakov. I Saw Naina, ran to the second floor. Yeltsin sat on the bed, disheveled and depressed. He saw me, he said: “Beat us Kryuchkov. . All in an hour we will take with you »
I say to him:” How did it take? Get together, bring yourself in order, we have that, you’re playing in the pawns? Let us call to Almaty Nazarbayev to Kiev Kravchuk, to enlist the support. ” I asked him: “Which of the war, you know? After 15 minutes of rest in order, I will convene all of our leaders. It is necessary to fight and never give up! »
Ruslan Khasbulatov at a meeting
Photo: Yuri Abramochkin / RIA Novosti
no light, no connection is not disconnected. I believe that they are well known in the KGB of Yeltsin psychology and believed that he would surrender. And he had actually surrendered, when I saw him. So they are its “counted”. They had a plan to take us to one of the suburban villas, so that he (Yeltsin) there resigned from all the powers, and returned to Sverdlovsk. It was very peaceful scenario. Kryuchkov then I said several times: “I am your factor not taken into account, because we have lost you, and all the credit went to Yeltsin»
I wrote an appeal to the people, after which began to gather the defenders of the White House.. Yeltsin met Silaev, Rutskoi, Shahray, Poltoranin, Burbulis. I gave a pen Poltoranina, he’s a chief was a journalist, and his hands were trembling. I was angry, angrily he took his pen and began to write itself. With this began the confrontation putschists. Muscovites have supported us.
22:16 April 27, 2015
«Yeltsin has always been a coward»
former chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Russia Ruslan Khasbulatov on how it was possible to turn the adjustment and save the Soviet Union
Yeltsin feared arrest (well, who are not afraid?) I remember: the night, drizzling rain, House of Soviets came wet Gavriil Popov, Yuri Luzhkov, and his young wife – they are also afraid of being arrested. I sent them to warm up, and then ran into the room and Korzhakov bad voice shouting: “Ruslan Imranovich urgently to the president!” We get down on the elevator downstairs in the garage, is Yeltsin, his aides, security and a large car “ZIL-114″. Yeltsin once to me: “After half an hour will be storming, we need to save ourselves, we go to the US Embassy, two days after the big noise in the world we go back».
I have not even started to think, say: “You right, the right decision, you are president, you have one, you should be rescued, and I have here 500 deputies. ” With these words, he turned and walked to the elevator. I go to him and think: “What will happen now … The president fled …” And when I walked down the hallway, I turned up the military. He ran General Kobets and says: “Here, General Lebed, he wants us to suggest something to help …»
I was furious, did not know to whom it rip, but here – a suitable case . I say: “If you want to help, then why are you here drove tanks?” Swan said to me: “If it is necessary, within five minutes of your White House will take.” To which I replied to him, “does not take five minutes later! General Kobets, arrest of the coup and drop into the cellar! Two days later, we divide the rebels, and he will be court-martialed. »
Kobets opened his mouth, and Swan stopped and stood at attention. Here I finally calmed down and went to his office. Evil threw, ordered not to let anyone, did not know what to do, there was some emptiness, even the thought of some lazy. I thought that as soon as Yeltsin escapes, the Americans immediately inform all of our defeat. I sat, thinking, took about 20-30 minutes, I think. And then there was a phone call from Yeltsin’s “Ruslan Imranovich you so resolutely refused to evacuate, I decided to fight with you. Let’s stay together until the end. ” He went to the basement, and I was left in command, of course.
Vladimir Achalov in house of Soviets of the Russian Federation
Photo: Vladimir Fedorenko / RIA Novosti
As I later learned from first Deputy Minister of defense of the USSR Vladislav Achalova, Yeltsin’s plan to escape to the US embassy Kryuchkov was a game. Through their agents at the embassy, he launched the information that the scheduled time assault, in which the need to kill Yeltsin. It was disinformation, but it “swallowed” the Americans and recommended that Yeltsin “evacuated” to the US Embassy.
Kryuchkov had sat on the phone, telling Achalov waited Yeltsin escape, and then, when he was informed that Khasbulatov refused to run, and behind him, Yeltsin changed his mind, Kryuchkov threw up, grabbed his head and exclaimed: “I have won Khasbulatov»
Gorbachev in Foros poluarestovali – in a gentle manner.. Decree or coup permission he gave them no. The delegation, which came to him with the order of the introduction of the Emergency Committee, obmateril Gorbachev, refused to sign. In the heat of said – they say, do what you want, but I will not sign. They took advantage of this phrase. Collusion he was not with them. Of course, he had to sit down in their plane and return to Moscow, the Kremlin, and demand an explanation: what are you like? He knew them all. So to say unambiguously that Gorbachev knew everything, everything is ok, is not true. Another thing – he did not attempt to strictly prevent any “initiative” in this area
Emergency Committee poured not out of cowardice.. General Achalov Marshal Yazov and knew the value of life, were both in Afghanistan and the Caucasus. Yazov was still a veteran of the Great Patriotic War. And Yazov and Achalov not particularly relied on General Grachev, so he went around Achalov position in the House of Soviets. Grachev and the Swan, by the way, were ready to shoot the demonstrators, had given the order, it then they ryadilis in saviors
Achalov after bypassing said Yazov, that many people had gathered and could be bloodshed:. “Is it worth it to storm House of Soviets “Yazov immediately said:” no, it is not necessary. Because of this gang we’re honored Soviet officers will not take the risk. ” I must say, the highest integrity, honor, service to the people in those days showed Gen. Vladislav Achalov. It was a very authoritative General Airborne, with it considered in the army, he was trusted.
military equipment Column in front of the Supreme Council
Photo: Spark / “Kommersant»
I think the KGB would arrest me, but they did not believe I’m so determined to act. They were well aware of Yeltsin and those around him, his adventures, falling in the river, Sverdlovsk episodes when he later apologized, repented, wept. They did not expect that so many people come to the protection of the House of Soviets. And miscalculated with me – just like in 1993. It is important for me, the notion of honor, I could not get away from the line of struggle to laugh at me then. As with the live on?
And the deputies as “left” and “right”, they all threw their differences and showed heroism, to their credit. But the KGB was a little afraid of war: how do I tell Achalov when Kryuchkov began to raise his voice, Yazov Achalova pulled aside and told him to be ready to arrest Kryuchkov and his generals. Kryuchkovtsy overheard everything and realized that if they act against the people, the army will not support them and crumple.
The press writes that in the putsch were cowardly, cowardly leaders and Yeltsin has shown himself “resolute”. But this is not the case. The Emergency Committee were decent people, they have made a mistake, but did not shed blood. It must be admitted. A coward Yeltsin was always – and in August 1991, and later, and in 1993 proved to be a gangster. The putschists in August 1991, risked career and life, but did not allow bloodshed.
This coup took place in Bialowieza. Only in the history of coup d’état is not called. I sometimes reflect on the past and think its a big mistake, that did not go then (after the Bialowieza) Gorbachev and offered to sign a decree appointing me Prime Minister of the USSR, – perhaps, then managed to preserve the Union. But what can you do, the story ahead of us!
I did not go to this step, probably because I have a raise. Not that I suggested the idea of saving. This idea was in our parliamentary circles.
After the putsch was a terrible thing. Union is extremely weak, he teetered on the edge of existence. Gorbachev has actually become hostage to Yeltsin. He ordered to dissolve the Congress of People’s Deputies and the Supreme Soviet of the USSR; Lukyanov was arrested. But in our Russian-Soviet conditions, if the head is not, I believe, and there is no power, no Union government, not something else. In the Russian Federation, then too it was not the government! Even before the coup, Yeltsin disbanded the government Silaeva. The huge country was ruled by no one!
Boris Yeltsin. The rally winners from the House of Soviets
Photo: Andrei Babushkin / TASS
Then I spur of the moment called the Supreme Soviet Presidium, and we worked day and night, actually ran the country and even the affairs of the Soviet Union, the regions and republics. All the while aware that “Khasbulatov on the spot” – he decides on. It is not allowed Russia to disintegrate, although these processes of disintegration began to develop rapidly. During this period, I have repeatedly put before Yeltsin question: let us rather create a government
By the way, he himself was good idea to invite the Government of the famous ophthalmologist, academician Svyatoslav Fyodorov, then – Academician Yury Ryzhov, then – Yuri Skokova! . But it was a miserable game. He proposed to the government of unknown people, some Gaidar, Burbulis and someone else whose names I do not want to name because of their insignificance.
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