The government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki: How did this happen and what is the end?
February 6 – April 5, 1989 , last Round Table – one of the most important events Polish post-war history. As a result of negotiations, representatives of the communist Solidarity opposition, civil society organizations and religious groups (a total of more than 700 people) will become possible to partially free elections to the Sejm elections to the new body – the Senate president will be created and abolished the Council of State, headed by Lech Walesa “Solidarity” will be legalized and the rise of a new opposition daily newspaper. Opens the way to political transformations.
May 8, 1989, created “Gazeta Wyborcza” as the organ of the “Solidarity” . Its editor-in-chief Adam Michnik, historian, essayist, political journalist, hero of the democratic opposition in communist Poland: Workers’ Defence Committee member and advisor to the “Solidarity”, imprisoned and indicted on charges of trying to overthrow the regime; supporter of dialogue, participate in the preparation of the Round Table and its deliberations.
June 2, 1989, resumes activity “Weekly Solidarity” , its chief editor is Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Catholic activist, founder and editor-in-chief of the monthly “bond” (1958), one of the main architects of the Round Table Agreement.
4 and June 18, 1989, held in two rounds of so-called elections in June, partially free elections to the Sejm . They are called elections contract, because the result of the contract concluded at the Round Table. The agreement involves the distribution of seats: 65 percent (299 seats) in advance of the ruling coalition will fall, or the Communist Party and its satellites, and 35 percent (161 seats) democratically elected non-partisan candidates. Totally free elections are, however, to the Senate. The result: opposition wins all possible seats in the Sejm and 99 out of 100 senators. Elections are a triumph of “Solidarity” and the defeat of the ruling. For the first time behind the “iron curtain” representatives of the anti-regime opposition will have a real impact on governance country.
July 3, 1989, published the article “Your president, our prime minister” by Adam Michnik . On the first page of “Gazeta Wyborcza” its chief calls for “an agreement under which the president will be elected the candidate of the Communist Party, and the portfolio of Prime Minister and form a government mission entrusted candidate» Solidarity ‘”. Michnik argues that “the president will guarantee continuity of power, international agreements and military alliances. Such a government will mandate the vast majority of Poles and ensure a consistent change in economic and political system. ” Text is controversial on both sides of the fence, he overturns the provisions of the Round Table. Tadeusz Mazowiecki criticizes slogan Michnik’s article “Make haste slowly” in “Solidarity Weekly” July 14: Indicates that the opposition Solidarity has no economic program which allows share of power.
July 19, 1989, the National Assembly elects the President General Wojciech Jaruzelski , President of the Council of State (since 1985) and the First Secretary of the Communist Party Central Committee (since 1981), previously the author of martial law , then one of the organizers of the Round Table. As for that to entrust him to the post of President, there is political consensus. But the opposition tries to make gathered the least votes of support. Jaruzelski finally passes a majority of just one vote – this political masterpiece due to the behind the scenes efforts of Bronislaw Geremek.
August 2, 1989, General Czeslaw Interior Minister is appointed by the Parliament as Prime Minister , but an attempt to form a government made by the head of the Interior Ministry fails. August 14 Interior Minister resigns.
August 17, 1989, Lech Walesa, together with the Presidents of the United Peasant Party and the Democratic Party forge a formal coalition ; Lech Walesa shows three candidates for Prime Minister: Mazowiecki, Geremek and Jack Kuroń coalition choose the former. Coalition of “Solidarity” with former satellite states parties created through the efforts of the Communist Party of Jaroslaw Kaczynski.
August 19, 1989, Tadeusz Mazowiecki is designated as the Prime Minister of People’s Republic President Wojciech Jaruzelski. The new Prime Minister has given support to the National Executive Committee “Solidarity”.
August 24, 1989, the Parliament appoints contract Tadeusz Mazowiecki as Prime Minister . 378 MPs vote in favor of this decision, 4 against, and 41 abstaining.
September 12, 1989, Tadeusz Mazowiecki, delivers inaugural address , and the Sejm approves presented by the composition of the government. Cabinet gets the support of 402 deputies, 13 abstaining. Opposite does not. The exposé Mazowiecki stresses that wants to be Prime Minister of all Poles, regardless of their views and beliefs that can not be the criterion of the division of citizens into categories. He says: “It will be a coalition government for a thorough reform of the state. Today, such a task may take only the government open to the interaction of all the forces represented in parliament, formed on the new political principles. The history of our country has gained acceleration. It happened because of a society that refuses to go on living as before. ” For the history of passing sentence: “The past marked off a thick line.” From now on it will be interpreted against the prime minister, who supposedly rejects settlement PRL. Meanwhile, the full meaning of his statement follows from the next spoken sentence: “Respond’ll only for what they have done to bring Poland with the present state of collapse.”
October 6, 1989, Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Leszek Balcerowicz Plan outlines the economic and political reforms at a press conference broadcast by TVP. Balcerowicz plan is to stop hyperinflation and adapt the economy to a free market environment. Nobody had not tried.
November 24, 1989, Prime Minister Mazowiecki meeting with the leader of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev in Moscow . On the occasion of this visit, the Moscow television for the first time presents a program about the Katyn massacre. It undermines the valid version of the murder by the Germans and says that there is a second, which is the fault of the NKVD charged.
29 December 1989, the Parliament approved a formal change of the political system Polish . Defines it as a democratic state, restores the emblem of a crowned eagle and the former name – the Republic of Poland. It also accepts a package of ten bills Balcerowicz Plan. Jaruzelski President signs the bill on December 31. In the new year Poland will go from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. Walesa – as will be mentioned later Mazowiecki – “toured Poland and putting out strikes, there were at niemiara, almost every day erupted somewhere new. At rallies he asked people to demands for wage increases of some waited to enter reforms. Western governments urged to grant aid to Poland. ” On that day, the President of Czechoslovakia Vaclav Havel is.
May 27, 1990, local elections are held, the first fully democratic elections . Voter turnout is 42.27 percent. Win A Citizens’ Committees “Solidarity” – earning nearly 53.1 percent of the vote.
September 19, 1990, President Jaruzelski persists . Transmits to the Speaker of the Sejm Nicholas Kozakiewicz constitutional bill, which shortens the term of office and introduces the general election of the president. Marshal determines their term on November 25. The campaign will clash close associates: chairman of the “Solidarity” movement, Lech Walesa and Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki.
November 14, 1990, the Republic of Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany contain a border treaty . Subscribe to the Foreign Ministers of the two countries – Hans-Dietrich Genscher and Skubiszewski. The agreement finally solves the issues of recognition of Polish-German border on the Oder and Neisse.
November 25, 1990, the first round of presidential elections . He takes part in it 60.6 percent of eligible voters. The first place is occupied by Lech Walesa, for it suddenly businessman Stan Tyminski, followed by Tadeusz Mazowiecki, who is out of the competition.
November 26, 1990, Prime Minister Mazowiecki gives cabinet to resign the day after the defeat in the presidential election, after a dramatic few hours of discussion in his election committee. A few days later Mazowiecki say: “In the face of serious threats need to rise above differences and a huge concern. I think that should be cast for Lech Walesa. This does not mean, however, consent to his vision of democracy and the style of the case. ” After the second round on December 9 Walesa becomes president.
January 4, 1991, Tadeusz Mazowiecki ceases to act as Prime Minister . Parliament appoints the Prime Minister Jan Krzysztof Bielecki.
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