On the eve of the anniversary, which is on Saturday, in the chair. 10 at the Presidential Palace, President Bronislaw Komorowski will attend the ceremony on this occasion. They will also Lech Walesa, Roman Malinowski and George Jozwiak, who 25 years ago signed an agreement.
After the election June 4, 1989. first attempt to form a new government took gen. Czeslaw Kiszczak. This task entrusted to him gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski, elected by the National Assembly on 19 July 1989. Presidential era.
2 August 1989. Kiszczak was appointed by the Parliament as Prime Minister. During his candidacy 237 deputies voted against was 173.
Commenting on the selection of the next day in “Gazeta Wyborcza “, Wojciech Giełżyński wrote:” Jaruzelski, Interior Minister, Rakowski. This is not a system that would satisfied society, even if each individual member of the Great Trinity has these and other political advantages. society – and even this doubtful – could even understand that the high Office of the President General Jaruzelski became communist as the guarantor of national security. known that we are at a critical point in Europe, at the junction of the two world systems. Society does not understand, however, why the head office, which would be called »the government of national salvation” is to meet a representative of the party responsible for creating a situation in which the nation must look for salvation. “
It was obvious that the gene. Kiszczak is unable to form a cabinet. Against him was not only the opposition, which ever seriously thought about taking the mission of forming the government by someone from its ranks, but even part of the Communist Party parliamentary caucus.
Among the opposition opinions on the future construction of the Solidarity government was divided.
Prof. Antoni Dudek as presented two concepts that were at the camp in late July and early August 1989 .: “First, for which advocated, among others, Geremek, Kuroń and Michnik, assumed that the foundation’s office should become the alliance Civic Club Parliamentary called. reformist wing of the PZPR and ZSL and SD would act in it only as background. Proponents of this option is believed that only in cooperation with possessing real power of the communist party in Poland will make further changes. parties PZPR satellites, devoid of effects on military security forces, administration and economic apparatus, and did not look for a serious partner. “
” opposite view – posted prof. Dudek – were senators Jaroslaw and Lech, the Kaczynski who summer of 1989. started to play alongside Walesa increasingly important role. In their opinion, getting a real impact on the government while maintaining the popularity of social require such action that the public could read as directed at the Communist Party monopoly. Without a doubt this is a step would be to create a coalition OKP-ZSL-SD “. (A. Dudek” rationed revolution “)
Finally, Lech Walesa called for the formation of a coalition with the ZSL and SD. 7 August 1989 r. issued a statement in which monopolistic governments recognizing the Communist Party as the main source of state crisis, strongly protested against the creation of the gene. Kiszczak new government. At the end of statement said: “The only political solution is the establishment of the Council of Ministers on the basis of a coalition» Solidarity “, ZSL and SD, what I sought.”
In this situation, August 14 gene. Interior Minister announced that he was resigning from the mission of forming the government.
August 16 parliamentary club ZSL provided official support for an initiative Lech Walesa, advocating an alliance with Solidarity. On the same day a meeting was held OKP, during which the club Lech Walesa persuaded to accept the proposal made by him on August 7. Without giving the names of its candidate for prime minister, declared that he did not intend to become the head of government.
Just before the meeting Walesa had a conversation with Tadeusz Mazowiecki, who as it recalled: “I met with Walesa in the European Hotel restaurant. Tried to convince him that he took over this function. (…) Walesa said he did not want that must be in the “S”, and even hinted anything about the presidency. urged me to it I became Prime Minister. asked for a day to think. And the next day I agreed. ” (“Parade of Prime Ministers”, “Gazeta Wyborcza”, 8-9 May 1999.)
Mazowiecki previously questioned the concept presented by Adam Michnik in the article “Your President, our Prime Minister” (“Gazeta Wyborcza” July 3, 1989 r.), responding to her text “Make haste slowly” (“Solidarity Weekly” 14 July 1989.). In it he wrote m.in .: “Is on our side, there is a program that can be presented to the public as a coherent concept of the economic crisis, whether it would be accepted by society and whether it is possible program for immediate implementation: (…) The hasty to demand share of power can destroy the opposition proper responsibility for the state, and not to build effective and sustainable responsibility for governments. “
August 17 during a meeting with Roman Malinowski (ZSL) Lech Walesa presented him with their proposals with stocking as prime minister. The course of this conversation, Malinowski reported as follows: “Walesa said:” I have three candidates: Geremek, Kuroń, Mazowiecki, who of them you see on this position? “I replied that of the three candidates, without prejudice to any qualifications, the best is Mazowiecki. ( …) I offered to go to the President Jaruzelski has only one nomination – just Mazowiecki. Walesa said, “A, I knew that Mazowiecki appeal to you the most, well, we’ll go with his candidacy for president only. ‘” (R. Malinowski “grand coalition. Behind the Scenes”)
Later that same day in Warsaw’s Lazienki there talks between Lech Walesa, Roman Malinowski and George Jozwiak (SD).
The result was an agreement coalition. The communication after the meeting stated: “In the sense of responsibility for leading Polish economic crisis expressed readiness to form a coalition government of national responsibility, as proposed by the President Walesa.”
August 19, President Wojciech Jaruzelski accepted the resignation of the gene. Kiszczak and entrusted the mission of creating a government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki. On the same day the new Prime Minister of support granted National Executive Committee “Solidarity”.
24 August 1989. Parliament appointed Tadeusz Mazowiecki as the President of the Council of Ministers. 378 deputies voted for, 4 against and 41 abstentions.
Reflecting on why it was Tadeusz Mazowiecki became the first non-communist prime minister in postwar Polish history professor. Dudek stated: “Of course not because they elected him President of ZSL Roman Malinowski. Indeed – as seen from the relationship Jaroslaw Kaczynski – the choice made earlier Walesa himself, and give candidates Geremek and Kuroń was out of his hand, only a step polite and against any form of safety net OKP allegations and “Solidarity”, which were significantly later on, inter alia, by advocating strongly for Geremek Wladyslaw Frasyniuk and Zbigniew Bujak. Nevertheless, the President Walesa OKP seemed already too influential and independent, to risk further strengthening its position. On the other hand Kuroń had no chance as Prime Minister, because – quite wrongly anyway – was considered in the ranks of ZSL and SD for the extreme radical. “
“By contrast, the Mazowiecki – posted prof. Dudek – spoke several arguments: as a longtime Catholic activist could count on the strong support of the Church; remained outside OKP, and since the Spring dispute over the conduct of the election campaign was in opposition to the group Geremek, allowing suppose that will be fought her providing Walesa role of an arbitrator; finally seemed to be – in comparison with Geremek or Kuroń – a man more susceptible to influence and Walesa hoped that through it obtains control of the government without taking direct responsibility for its activities. It soon turned out that in the last two issues of the President »Solidarity” heavily made a mistake “- said Dudek. (A. Dudek” Polish Political History 1989-2005 “).
(RZ)
No comments:
Post a Comment