In the next few days will finally been drawn up a plan to stabilize the Russian economy. One of the risks in 2015 – an increase in unemployment. With him we started our conversation with the Minister.
Maxim A., all care situation in the labor market. What are your predictions?
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Maxim Topilin: While the situation on the Russian labor market is normal: no sharp fluctuations. However, we began to more strictly monitor – on a weekly basis, as it was during the 2008 crisis, it is obvious that the changes will be.
We understand that depending on at least two factors – Dollar and Euro, and increased rates of the Central Bank – businesses are in a different situation than a few months ago.
For example, companies need loans for development, and as they become more expensive today, it in any case have change their costs. Or company buys imported components, equipment delivery, hence, it will increase costs. Will there be enough in this case, the organization of internal resources, can she keep labor collective – the question.
They start in spring
If it is not enough and there will be reduction?
Maxim Topilin: How exactly will increase unemployment, now predict difficult. But we have prepared proposals to support the labor market in the event of changes in the situation.
Many of the tools already familiar to Russians – training of those who are at risk of dismissal or already out of work, public works, for example, in the construction or improvement of social facilities, training, etc.
If necessary, expand these measures promptly. The government now has the power to build a range of measures, without recourse to the legislator. In late 2008, two months we have changed the law to “run” anti-crisis measures, because such authority was not. Now everything is taken into account in the legislation.
Plus, this year starts program to encourage labor mobility – a certificate for crossing. For its implementation in 2015-2017 years provided 2 billion annually. Funds will be on the development of the bank vacancies and portal “Work in Russia.” The resource will be updated to include information about the investment projects, affordable housing, social infrastructure, transport accessibility, that is filled with the maximum information necessary for those wishing to find a job in another region.
The positively on the labor market impact of import substitution. Here is an example from the sphere of social protection of disabled persons: Togliatti foreign investor implemented a project for the production of wheelchairs. Already domestic components in these chairs – almost half in 2016, their share will reach 70 percent.
And yet, when possible rise in unemployment – in the winter, closer to spring, what do you think?
Maxim Topilin: In January and February will be a slight increase in seasonal. If any major changes in the labor market and will happen, then most likely in the spring.
And I can say that now the mass flow of notifications on the reduction of staff in the employment services not received. Private employment agencies tell us that they receive the signals from the employers to freeze vacancies. But as long as it speaks only of the uncertainty felt by employers.
Employment Program funded regions. In the case of aggravation of the situation the federal budget will help them?
Maxim Topilin : If you start complexity, funds will be allocated: the government has reserves.
In any case, we have the experience to curb cuts, to support small businesses, to retrain. It is important that we, together with employers, regions, trade unions, sectoral departments clearly understand what is happening in a particular company, what his prospects. Owning a situation, you can quickly pick up tools that will minimize the impacts and for workers and employers.
Do you now some constant direction of employment services, which are financed from the federal budget?
Maxim Topilin: The standard scheme is as follows: Centre provides funding for unemployment benefits and active regions funded employment programs.
development of the theme
The federal budget is funded by the program for persons with disabilities, under which the employer is allocated an average of 100 thousand rubles for the resettlement of the workplace for people with disabilities. By the way, in the framework in 2014 found work 13 thousand people with disabilities. In addition, the certificate starts to move, which I have already said.
It’s about to move to the Far East?
Maxim Topilin: Not only. The legislator gave the government the authority to determine the list of regions that will participate in the program.
Now we select regions. For example, the project wants to participate Kaluga region. Region growing, but it is near to Moscow, which pulls qualified personnel. Also considering options of participation of the Murmansk region. Promising in terms of participation Far East – there is a shortage of labor. While this is an experiment.
How many regions fall into the program in 2015?
Maxim Topilin: I think that no more than ten .
300 000 to move
Let’s see who issued the certificate, for what amount and on what terms?
Maxim Topilin : The cost of the certificate – 300 thousand rubles. 150,000 puts the federal budget, 75 thousand – regional. Another 75,000 have to put the employer.
Regions wishing to participate in the project must develop programs, prescribing how employers under investment projects which need labor from other regions. Subjects winners will receive grants from the federal budget for the project.
Then subsidize selected for participation in the program of employers. These funds will be compensated by the employer a substantial part of the costs of involvement of employees, for example, its costs for the purchase or rental of housing worker, granting him social services, daycare and other.
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But he has to sign a contract with the employee for at least three years, officially to pay him a salary. We, in turn, will keep track of how the employer in default as it deducts contributions to the pension and other extra-budgetary funds. In this case, we do not ask it for additional reporting. If the fees are paid, then everything is fine. If not, the employer will have to return to the state 225 thousand rubles per employee.
In which regions are now the worst situation in the labor market?
Maxim Topilin: As in previous years, the largest number of unemployed registered with the Employment Service, is concentrated in the North Caucasian Federal District. Every fourth unemployed – people of this region. However, the situation is gradually changing for the better.
When Russia will have unemployment insurance?
Maxim Topilin : Before 2018 it will not be exact, because the president decided not to increase the load, it is recorded in his last message.
Shadows in banks
Additional Customer employment services many “professional” unemployed?
Maxim Topilin: More than a year can not find work about 12 percent of officially registered unemployed, and suggest that about half of them them – the so-called “professional unemployed”.
I’m not sure that these people do not have the extra income. Unfortunately, there are many schemes illegal work. And now the government’s actions aimed at the legalization of employment.
This pension reform that increases the insurance period, entitlement to pension insurance is limited by the number of pension coefficients or points. If the score is less than 30 – and it is working for 30 years at a salary of one minimum wage (SMIC at equal the cost of living), log in will not be.
We have done a great job of explaining the essence of the pension reform. Do it together with the trade unions, met with teams. We hope that the response will be.
And how are things with foreign workers?
Maxim Topilin: Other measures related to legalization changes in the payment of insurance premiums for foreign workers in social funds. Now the employer will have to pay contributions to the Pension Fund from the first day of the migrant (before it was six months, and employers use it, hiring a shorter period).
Also, for a foreign worker will now have to pay in Social Security Fund – 1.8 percent of salary, so worker will be entitled to sick pay. Plus, the employer will provide additional health insurance policy he or enter into a contract with a health service organization health.
In addition, with the Ministries of Finance and Economic Development is now working on the conditions under which the company receives a subsidy from the budget, and there are many, need to commit themselves to pay the premiums for employees. Now these conditions for provision of state do not.
How many people do you think are working illegally?
Maxim Topilin: About 20 percent of the population of working age we do not see databases Pension Fund. We assume that most of these works, but for them to pay the premiums. This means that in the future they will not have insurance pensions. In addition, if the employer pays for all workers – at current retirees would be higher pension.
And you do not take into account that some of these “invisible” – housewives?
Maxim Topilin: Yes. But it is clear that these women are not 15 million. Regions with us argue, trying to convince us that we have the wrong data. But when we begin to understand – clutching his head. While they matter simply not engaged. We hope this year they will plunge into this subject.
20 percent of Russians may be left without pensions – for them, no one pays premiums to the Pension Fund
Try to Germany, for example, to work ” rough “- the neighbors immediately inform the appropriate authorities. They simply believe that if you do not pay taxes, so do not qualify for any benefits. Take the example of our country. There are queues in kindergarten. The parents of one child officially work and pay taxes, the second – no. Question: they should have equal rights to the device in kindergarten?
What do you with the banks decided?
Maxim Topilin : We are working with the banking system to provide banks with the opportunity to use the insurance history of the client when deciding whether to give him credit. After reference 2NDFL, which is provided by the borrower, it is often fake.
This means that banks with no real information about insurance premiums, carry risks and therefore are forced to raise interest rates for lending. Of course, these contributions – personalized, closed, we can not disclose them. But man, if he wants to take the credit, can give the bank the right to consult with your insurance history. And it is to his advantage – if contributions okay, credit to him will cost less.
It is necessary to gradually create conditions to work legally been easier than illegally. And to explain it to people.
Pension for migrant
Now migrants from visa-free countries will work in Russian Patent and without quotas. How will this affect the labor market?
Maxim Topilin: Competition in the labor market does not worsen. We believe that patents will enable us primarily to legalize the presence of foreign workers. Many of them work illegally.
Now we have got the tools to check whether legally migrant workers from the point of view of the labor law, and not immigration status. And it’s not just pay for the patent. For example, if the premiums to social funds do not, therefore, a migrant, even though the patent, but works somewhere illegally.
We will conduct explanatory work with foreign workers, and in the future, do not rule lack of insurance contributions for them may be grounds for their removal or closure of entry. I emphasize this in perspective: people have to get used to the new system, they need to explain its meaning. But in the future such a move is possible, especially as we gradually move within the Eurasian Economic Community on the proportionality of the formation of pension rights. Therefore, the citizens of other countries who work for us will just need to go to the legalization of labor relations, then to be able to get home retirement. Now this is not.
Do I understand that will form the pension rights of migrants?
Maxim Topilin: Yes. Contributions to the Pension Fund of Russia, who will pay for migrants from 1 January 2015, will create the conditions for a transition to an agreement with the countries that will consolidate the proportional approach to the formation of pension rights.
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What does it mean? Pensionable will be taken into account, the country in which the person works, how much he’s earned insurance experience, but for him it was transferred contributions. And pensions will be formed on the basis of the story. It will receive a pension in the country where he has lived and pension funds countries will conduct settlements. Such agreements we are preparing now with the countries of the Eurasian Economic Community – Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, as well as Germany, Israel, South Korea, Turkey. This elementary civilized relations.
Now, very few such agreements – with Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Spain. For the rest of the CIS countries, the convention of 1992. Its essence is this: no matter where you work, will receive a pension in the country of residence and by its rules.
Universities for three years
Let’s talk about demographics. Now we are fine. Room for improvement there?
Maxim Topilin: In January-November, we observed the natural increase – 37 thousand people. If no mortality jumps will not, then we will come to the natural growth of the whole year.
The main resource in improving demographics – a reduction in mortality. Statistics are not very impressive. Russia still lags behind most of its European neighbors.
What about fertility?
Maxim Topilin: We continue to work on its increase. This year will continue to be paid an allowance for the third child – all in 69 regions, including the Crimea and Sevastopol. In this case, 53 of them federal budget provides a subsidy of 12.9 billion rubles. The list of subjects to whom we help are included regions in which the total fertility rate below the national average, as well as regions with natural and migration population loss.
Note that since 2014 we have changed the approach to subsidizing regions. Previously, we found that, if the region is improving its demographics, then he should get out of the program. Now he will continue to receive support from the federal budget until the children reach the age of three years.
The key that must be developed – this infrastructure. Kindergartens, employment programs for young mothers, the possibility of opening groups childcare. Discussing with the Ministry of Education appearance at universities, secondary specialized groups for children of students, that children are supervised while mom learns. We need to become more youthful fertility.
But this additional cost …
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Maxim Topilin: Not so great. Select the text with error, then press Ctrl + Enter , to tell us about it.
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