The pilot of the first group of multipurpose fighter-bomber Su-34, who returned from Syria, while meeting at the airport
Russian VKS pursued in Syria several objectives: support for Assad demonstration military power, the fight against terrorism and political preferences. According to experts, these problems are fully or partially been solved
The tasks
From Syrian operation in October 2015, the President and Supreme Commander Vladimir Putin set to Russian group video conferencing such a problem: “Our task is to stabilize the legitimate authority and create conditions for a political compromise ». in November 2015, he noted that the purpose of video conferencing in the region is the need to” cleanse Syria of militants, terrorists and . to protect Russia from possible terrorist attacks »
on Monday, explaining the decision to withdraw troops from Syria, Putin said: « I believe that the tasks assigned to the Ministry of defense, as a whole made . Therefore, I order from tomorrow to begin withdrawing the main part of our military factions of the Syrian Arab Republic. »
Commenting on the Putin a solution close to the Kremlin interlocutor RBC noted that addressed three main objectives: to launch the negotiation process of the world, terrorists are thrown from Damascus and failed to overthrow the legitimate authority, and their organizations suffered significant damage, which is to stabilize the situation
. Several other Russian task calls analyst firm Stratfor. According to her, Russia in Syria, had the following objectives. The first – aid allied regime of Bashar al-Assad and the expansion of Russian interests in Syria. The second goal, according to Stratfor experts, this is a test and demonstration of technical fleet of the Russian army.
The third task in the framework of a five-month war in Syria, Stratfor analysts say, is the fight against international terrorism. Finally, the experts point out, that Moscow in the Syrian war were also goals related to high diplomacy.
The last task considers the main Deputy Director of the Institute of Political and Military Analysis Anatoly Khramchikhin. In his opinion, it is the task image production – to force the West to speak with him as an equal. “This goal is accomplished. We could see that the Syrian problem resolution were engaged in the two countries – Russia and the United States, “- said the expert
Support for Assad
in the five months of hostilities Russia managed to keep the power of one of its key allies in the Middle East – Bashar al-Assad, strengthening its position. By September 2015 its army was on the verge of defeat, that the RBC recognized source close to the Kremlin administration, commenting on the reasons for the military operation. According to them, the terrorists were already in the suburbs of Damascus, the Assad regime to fall remained a matter of weeks. In such a scenario to power in Syria could reach terrorist group, Moscow could not allow this to happen, noted RBC sides.
Many people involved in the conflict, the players waited for the Assad regime out of steam and fall, according to Expert Center Arab and Islamic studies at the Institute of Oriental studies, Russian Academy of Sciences Nikolai Sukhov , but active support from the Russian VKS violated this script.
with the participation of Russia were taken under the control of the strategically important territory of Syria. Almost taken in the ring after the second city of the republic of Damascus – Aleppo. Government army in the autumn of 2015 with the support of Russian bombers, Lebanese troops “Hezbollah” and Iran has been able to cut off the rebels from the northern city of opposition areas. She was released on Syrian airbase Kvayres, is under siege militants more than three years.
During the five months under the control of Assad returned most of the provinces of Hama and Homs. Fully liberated province of Latakia. Assad Army began fighting for the liberation of the terrorists of the ancient city of Palmyra.
According to Stratfor analysts, Russian aviation, along with support for Lebanon and Iran allowed the pro-government forces to get an advantage over the opposition detachments across the country. However, according to Stratfor, leaving Russian VCS from the country weaken the forces loyal to Assad.
show of force
“Range» called Syria head “ Rostec » Sergey Chemezov . “We are looking at how everything works [in Syria], what is good and what is bad, to make corrections and modifications,” – outlined the Chemezov the role of the Syrian campaign in an interview with WSJ
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The Syrian operation for 167 days took part almost all modern aircraft, strategic aviation, air defense systems, ships and submarines. Grouping more than five months increased to 70 aircraft, including the latest fighter fourth-generation Su-35.
The Syrian campaign was a baptism of fire for the strategic bomber Tu-160, which was previously not involved in military conflicts. However, he made little sorties, since the use of bombers from Mozdok is not quite appropriate, says military expert Mikhail Khodarenok.
In addition to the air group were based on the 4 th. Persons of staff. In addition, after the incident with the downed Turkish Su-24 Russian military base was transferred to a whole range of air defense systems. Among them, “Carapace-C1″, “Buk-M2″, anti-aircraft missile systems S-400.
From the sea, the air group cover provided ships task force of the Russian Navy, including the submarine B-237 “Rostov -on-Don “and the missile cruiser” Varyag “. It is this group of ships had launched 48 cruise missiles “Caliber” in Syria. This was the first use of cruise missiles in a military operation.
As the Stratfor experts, Russia has demonstrated the whole range of available weapons and showed future partners to their weapons. According to experts, one of the successful demonstration of results – preparing the deal for $ 8 billion in to supply arms to Iran
As Khodarenok notes several types of weapons were used during the operation, no. Russia applied previously. In the first place, says the expert, it is a strategic sea-based cruise missiles “Caliber” and air-launched Kh-555 missiles. In addition, it points Khodarenok were applied corrected bombs KAB-500. “The use of such shells – a pass to the club of privileged states,” – emphasizes the military expert. At the same time, he noted that it is expensive weapons, whose price is not comparable with the slain objectives .
The fight against terrorism
As noted by international observers, most of air strikes in the five months of the campaign came in the position of the Syrian campaign. The Russian side of all charges denied, noting that on the designated areas are terrorist groups, including “Al-Nusra Front” (banned in Russia).
According to the results of operations and Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said that in Syria It destroyed 209 oil infrastructure of terrorists, as well as the means of delivery of petroleum products in 2912. About 2,000 terrorists – immigrants from Russia were killed
The Russian military in the assessments of its effectiveness are concentrated in the liberated territories, without mentioning the total number of liquidated terrorists.. At the briefing the General Staff of the Armed Forces on January 15, Lieutenant General Sergei Rudskoy said that 217 settlements were released within 100 days – about 1000 square meters. . Km territory
The coalition led by the US publish data on the number of dead terrorists: in January 2016 during the bombing of the territory of Northern Syria and Iraq were destroyed over 22 thousand terrorists “Islamic State” (banned in Russia. ). At the same time, Syrian Kurds, which provide air support for coalition forces, were able to increase-controlled territory to 15.8 thousand sq. M. km by 186%.
«These successes Russian planes are irrelevant. This is mainly the coverage of the coalition forces, “- commented RBC military expert Pavel Felgenhauer. “Our state is struggling with the opposition, calling it a terrorist”, – explained the expert
The diplomatic successes
The West was strongly opposed. Russian military intervention. The US side has repeatedly stated that Russia strikes both militants LIH, and the opposition and the civilian population. In October 2015, US Senator John McCain said that there was evidence before it, that the only part of the Russian missiles striking position IG (banned in Russia), while others are not terrorists.
Despite the accusations, military action very helpful to the negotiation process, according to former Deputy Prime Minister Qadri Jamil Syria. “He’s coming, and had never walked. The forces that want a political solution, have become more confident, whereas the forces supporting terrorist weakened “, – said Jamil
The US and Russia have agreed on a truce, which was announced on 27 February.. “We have agreed to establish a system that will allow us to ensure that the mission carried out carried out is only valid against the” Islamic State “or” Dzhebhat en-Nusra “(both banned in Russia),” – said John Kerry (quoted by “RIA Novosti”) .
The American and Ukrainian politicians and public figures have repeatedly stated that Russia is making diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict in Syria to distract international attention from its actions in eastern Ukraine. This, in particular, wrote in August 2015, the Wall Street Journal head of the Institute of McCain David Kramer. He estimated that since the time of the trip US John Kerry Secretary of State in Sochi in May to meet with President Putin and Foreign Minister, Sergey Lavrov, the main theme in US-Russian relations have become primarily Syria and Iran.
Nevertheless, US They contend that the actions of Russia, including military action, not distract from the Ukrainian agenda. “This is definitely not distracted US attention from the Ukraine. Our policy towards Ukraine stands on its own “, – said at the beginning of March, the US Ambassador to Ukraine Jeffrey Payette in an interview with Ukrainian edition of” Today »
« The task prevent the fall of the Syrian state, is made in my opinion.. The weakening of the threat of terrorism – carried out in part “- sums up the results of the campaign Qadri Jamil. He notes that the Russian military action was originally announced as a temporary – and was really time
The withdrawal of Syria -. It is not the end of the war, says Khodarenok. “This is not a victory, opposition groups have intensified in connection with the withdrawal of troops, and the situation will develop further», – the expert warns.
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